The economic reforms, party officials say, will be a sharp step backward from central planning toward individual enterprise and market forces. They are also likely to find themselves characterized, along with Brezhnev, as proponents of Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan--at a time when Moscow fears it cannot get its troops out fast enough.
Pyotr Y. Shelest, the Communist Party leader in the Ukraine from until he was ousted by Brezhnev in , recounted in a newspaper interview this week how Brezhnev, aided by the late Mikhail A. Khrushchev in The two men apparently orchestrated every move, down to cues on when to interrupt a speaker, at the meeting of the party Central Committee that elected Brezhnev. Stanislav Kondrashev, a political commentator for the government newspaper Izvestia, recalled this week how a Brezhnev ally, Viktor I.
Grishin, then head of the Moscow party organization, had opposed Gorbachev for the leadership three years ago but lost decisively. After graduating from the Dniprodzerzhynsk Metallurgical Technicum , he became a metallurgical engineer in the iron and steel industry , in Ukraine. He joined Komsomol in , and in became an active member of the Communist Party.
He was drafted into immediate military service during World War II and left the army in with the rank of Major General. As a leader, Brezhnev took care to consult his colleagues before acting, but his attempt to govern without meaningful economic reforms led to a national decline by the mids, a period referred to as the Era of Stagnation.
He presided over the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia to stop the Prague Spring , and his last major decision in power was to send the Soviet military to Afghanistan in an attempt to save the fragile regime , which was fighting a war against the mujahideen. After suffering from various illnesses for several years, Brezhnev died on 10 November and was quickly succeeded in his post as General Secretary by Yuri Andropov. Brezhnev had fostered a cult of personality , although not nearly to the same degree as Stalin.
Mikhail Gorbachev , who would lead the USSR from to , denounced his legacy and drove the process of liberalisation of the Soviet Union. In spite of this, opinion polls in Russia show Brezhnev to be the most popular Russian leader of the 20th century. Toggle navigation Tyrants and Dictators of History.
For other uses, see Brezhnev disambiguation. In we ran into this dinosaur of a system still in working condition. The Politburo held together the external empire that Stalin had grabbed and saw to it that opposition arose nowhere.
I had seen it in Dresden in March, and then in Moscow in May. What we were trying to do was beyond their comprehension.
The challenge was to maneuver around them long enough to make them accept us on civilized terms. I thought, optimistically, that we could prevail because their bullying would not exceed certain limits. The crushing of Hungary was way behind us: this was a different era. I think most of the world agreed with me. Beyond the Soviets' empty phrases about "counterrevolution," the core of the dispute was not our social system but our political reforms. We believed that socialism - in our country at least - could not exist without democracy.
But the Soviets wanted us to reinstitute their model of one-party dictatorship. Still, I did not believe that they would launch a war against us just because of this disagreement. After all, we were bound by a valid alliance treaty, and Czechoslovakia was avoiding anything that might throw doubt on her loyalty. Moreover, the Soviets had for years preached the principle of peaceful coexistence and noninterference in the internal affairs of other countries. Was it rational to expect that they would contradict all this by attacking us militarily?
I did not think so, and I do not think I was a dreamer. I did not expect that they would commit an act that was bound to carry catastrophic consequences for their own cause which it did as no one today would deny. And I simply did not expect the perfidy they were soon to display. Leonid Brezhnev : Lets agree not to bury ourselves in the past, but to discuss calmly, proceeding from the situation that has developed, in order to find a solution that will work to the benefit of the Czechoslovak Communist Party so that it can act, normally and independently along the lines laid down by the Bratislava Declaration Let it be independent.
We don't want and we're not thinking of further intervention. And let the leadership work according to the principles of the January and May plenary sessions of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
We have said this in our reports and we're prepared to affirm it again. However, he did not write them himself — the trinity of writers worked on books.
Two of them received orders, and Brezhnev himself received thousand rubles a monstrously huge amount of money for the USSR and the Lenin Prize. In old age, he repeatedly fell asleep during meetings and speeches, and sometimes spoke. And because of the treatment at the same time earned a drug addiction to one of the drugs. For six years, the city of Naberezhnye Chelny wore the name of Brezhnev.
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