Parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages, used in conjunction, allow readers to know which sources you consulted in writing your essay, so that they can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own scholarly work.
Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work, like Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto. In such cases, give the page number of your edition making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume vol.
When you cite a work that appears inside a larger source for instance, an article in a periodical or an essay in a collection , cite the author of the internal source i. For example, to cite Albert Einstein's article "A Brief Outline of the Theory of Relativity," which was published in Nature in , you might write something like this:.
See also our page on documenting periodicals in the Works Cited. Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials in your citation.
Best, David, and Sharon Marcus. JSTOR, doi Franck, Caroline, et al. If you cite more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks. Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, and, when appropriate, the page number s :.
If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number s. If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses. In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using and underline or italicize the title , as each version varies in its translation, followed by book do not italicize or underline , chapter, and verse.
Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source. Sources that take the form of a dialogue involving two or more participants have special guidelines for their quotation and citation. Each line of dialogue should begin with the speaker's name written in all capitals and indented half an inch.
A period follows the name e. After the period, write the dialogue. Each successive line after the first should receive an additional indentation.
When another person begins speaking, start a new line with that person's name indented only half an inch. Repeat this pattern each time the speaker changes. You can include stage directions in the quote if they appear in the original source. Conclude with a parenthetical that explains where to find the excerpt in the source.
Pleadingly Give me a drink, Rocky. Harry said it was all right. God, I need a drink. Avidly Thanks. He takes the bottle with both twitching hands and tilts it to his lips and gulps down the whiskey in big swallows. With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have to cite sources you found in digital environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work reference the OWL's Evaluating Sources of Information resource , some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research.
When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your Works Cited page. Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers. However, these sorts of entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation.
For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:. Titles of reports and books must be written in italics or underlined, whereas article titles and chapters should be put inside quotation marks.
Morton, This position is quite common in the context of human study; it constitutes the ideology of most modern psychological assistance services and underlies the technology and many methods of psychotherapeutic and psychocorrectional work. Watt, Watt, A. The Art of Psychology, 9 7 , Iles, Iles, V.
Generation Today, , Reide, Reide, B. Interscience, 12 5 , Benjamin, Benjamin, P. Internet Addiction in Teenagers. Cyber Community, 7 6 , APA and MLA Before we get to all the different cases that change the way to cite an article in your essay, we must clarify a couple of things first.
There are more than two citation styles out there. The deadline is too short to read lengthy guides? Place an order minutes. Receive any Essay in up to 6 Hours. When you discuss or quote from the essay in your paper, use an in-text citation to relate back to the full entry listed in your list of references at the end of your paper.
LastName, FirstName. LastName, I. Title of essay. LastName Ed. Location: Publisher, Year. Tip: If you use the Chicago author-date system for in-text citation, use the same in-text citation method as APA style. Support wikiHow by unlocking this staff-researched answer. Did this summary help you?
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No account yet? Create an account. Edit this Article. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. By using our site, you agree to our cookie policy. Cookie Settings. Learn why people trust wikiHow. Download Article Explore this Article methods. Related Articles. Article Summary. Method 1.
All rights reserved. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc. Start your Works Cited entry with the author of the essay. Type the last name of the author of the essay first, followed by a comma.
Then, type the first name of the author of the essay, followed by a period. List the title of the essay in quotation marks. After the author's name, type the title of the essay in title case, capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs in the title.
Place a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks. Provide the title and authors or editors of the larger work. Type the title of the larger work in italics, also using title case. Add a comma after the title followed by the word "by" and the author's name in first name-last name format.
Place a comma after the author's name. Add publication information for the larger work. Type the name of the publisher after the author's last name, followed by a comma.
Then, add the year the work was published, also followed by a comma. Example: Potter, Harry. Include the page numbers where the essay is found. Because the essay is part of the larger work and your Works Cited entry cites only that essay, tell your readers where they can find it in the larger work. Type the abbreviation "pp. Place a period at the end of the final page number. Use the author's last name and the page number for in-text citations.
If you include the author's name in the text of your paper, you only need the page number where the referenced material can be found in the parenthetical at the end of your sentence. If you have several authors with the same last name, include each author's first initial in your in-text citation to differentiate them. For several titles by the same author, include a shortened version of the title after the author's name if the title isn't mentioned in your text. Method 2.
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